Prevalence of Low Virulent Footrot in Murry Region of NSW

Prevalence of Low Virulent Footrot in Murry Region of NSW Project Title:[G1]Pilot study on the prevalence of low virulent footrot in Murry region of NSW.[G2] Hypothesis Low virulent footrot has production, economic and social impacts on affected properties Objectives of the study[G3][G4][G5] The primary objective of this pilot study is to find out if low virulent footrot is seen as a problem by the farmers in the Murray Area of NSW and to what extent the disease impacts the farms economically and socially. The study also aims to determine if the affected farmers have been able to deal with the impacts of the disease, and the cost of implementing treatment and control methods.[G8] Importance of the study Ovine footrot is a clinically significant disease known to have negative welfare impacts and economic consequences (Marshall et al., 1991, Rather et al., 2011). Virulent footrot causes severe underrunning of the hoof resulting in severe lameness in affected sheep and subsequent social and economic impacts (Stewart et al., 1986, Dhungyel et al., 1013). The low virulent strains, however, do not tend to progress as far and therefore the impacts of this form are less apparent (Stewart et al., 1986). It appears that because these less severe low virulent forms do not have as significant of an impact on the production levels of a farm or the related social and economic aspects, there has been very little research conducted on this form. The majority of literature available on footrot focuses on the virulent strains, and therefore the social and economic impacts of the low virulent forms are largely unknown.[G9][G10][G11][G12][G13] This project aims to address this gap in the literature and determine if low virulent footrot is a common problem faced by farmers in the area and the exact impact it has on them. Surveying farmers that have had a history of footrot on their properties will give more insight on the costs of preventing and controlling the disease. The study will show the impacts this disease has had on the sheep industry and whether the farmers feel that implementing treatment and control methods or undertaking an eradication scheme is worth the cost. The study will also determine a link between footrot prevention and control methods used on different properties to the prevalence of the disease. These results will be important to the sheep industry by determining which methods have the highest level of success in controlling the disease. This information can be utilised by farmers when implementing control schemes on their properties. Experimental design The study will involve surveying sheep farmers in the Murray area of NSW. As this is a pilot study, participating farmers will be selected based on contact with local district veterinarians and animal health officials as well as their individual willingness to participate in the survey. 10 to 15 participants will be interviewed during an on-farm visit. Questions will involve the history of footrot on the property, past and present [G14][G15][G16]prevention, treatment control methods and eradication schemes, the quarantine protocols in place and the cost of implementing these strategies. In order to determine the social and economic impacts of the disease and also individual attitudes towards footrot, questions will also be asked about [G17]each farmers experience with the disease on their property.[G18][G19] Statistical Evaluation As the study involves surveying the participants experiences with footrot much of the data collected will be qualitative rather than quantitative. Where possible the data will be analysed for basic [G20]summary statistics and, depending on the data collected, basic linear regression analysis may be required. Timetable Date Task February 20 March 2017 Work with district vets to find participants for the study[G21][G22] Schedule on-farm visits to conduct the survey[G23][G24] 15 March 2017 Research Proposal 18 March 2017 Finalise Survey 20 March 7 April 2017 Data Collection 28-31 March Holbrook-Albury-Deniliquin farm visits 1-7 April Telephone surveys if necessary 10 April 20 April 2017 Statistical evaluation 20 March 18 May 2017 Conference Paper Draft complete by May 18 1 June 2017 Final Conference Paper submission 5 9 June 2017 Oral Presentation of study findings Budget The main costs associated with the study are those involved with travelling to the farms to conduct on-farm visits. $500 Travel and accommodation charges for conducting the field survey Human Ethics approval for conducting the survey Approval No: 2016/557 References DHUNGYEL, O. P., HILL, A. E., DHAND, N. K. WHITTINGTON, R. J. 2013. Comparative study of the commonly used virulence tests for laboratory diagnosis of ovine footrot caused by Dichelobacter nodosus in Australia. Veterinary Microbiology, 162, 756-760. MARSHALL, D. J., WALKER, R. I., CULLIS, B. R. LUFF, M. F. 1991. The effect of footrot on body weight and wool growth of sheep. Australian Veterinary Journal, 68, 45-49. RATHER, M. A., WANI, S. A., HUSSAIN, I., BHAT, M. A., KABLI, Z. A. MAGRAY, S. N. 2011. Determination of prevalence and economic impact of ovine footrot in central Kashmir India with isolation and molecular characterization of Dichelobacter nodosus. Anaerobe, 17, 73-77. STEWART, D. J., PETERSON, J. E., VAUGHAN, J. A., CLARK, B. L., EMERY, D. L., CALDWELL, J. N. KORTT, A. A. 1986. The pathogenicity and cultural characteristics of virulent, intermediate and benign strains of Bacteroides nodosus causing ovine foot-rot. Australian Veterinary Journal, 63, 317-2 [G1]Inserted: T [G2]Deleted:t [G3]Inserted: f [G4]Deleted:f [G5]Deleted:r [G6]Inserted: ry [G7]Inserted: pri [G8]Deleted:in [G9]Inserted: a [G10]Inserted: , [G11]Inserted: r [G12]Deleted:r [G13]Deleted:mains [G14]Inserted: w [G15]Inserted: i [G16]Inserted: inte [G17]Inserted: , [G18]Deleted:su [G19]Deleted:y [G20]Inserted: [G21]Inserted: the [G22]Deleted:. [G23]Inserted: the [G24]Deleted:.

The Education System :: essays research papers

The Education System The education system in my country is different from U.S education; mostly it is similar to France education system. The education system in my country is very restricted and it is not easy to graduate from high school. I have been attending US colleges for almost four years now. I finished high school in my country and never get a chance to attend college in there. In this essay I would like to compare and contrast the differences between my high school education system and US education system. Even though, I never attend high school in US but I have some friends who told me about high school system. One of the differences is that in my country all high school students had to ware school uniform, but in here the high school student they can wear what ever they want. Second, there was no choice for us to take those classes that we want we had to take what was offered, in contrast in US high schools students can take a lest those classes that they like. Third, the exams in my country was pretty the same as US system.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First of all, in my county all high students we had to wear uniform. We had to wear black skirts, white tops, black shoes and black tights. The good thing about uniform was that it wasn't expensive for parents to get uniform for their children each year, second, it was good for students to concentrate only on there classes and third it was very organized. For instance, in my family three person went to high school and parents bought us uniforms only once a year which was not very expensive, second every day when we waked up we didn't had to worry about what to wear and worrying that we don't have enough clothes. Therefor, wearing uniform was very good so most of our concentration was on our classes not on clothing. Finally, wearing uniform was very organize when we passed the rode everyone know that we were high school students. In contrast, in America high school students can wear any thing they want and there is no restriction. In my opinion, it is very expensive for parents to prepare different clothes for their children everyday. May be it is no problem for some parents, but in most of the cases like single working parent that has to work full time and have other expenses it is not easy to buy clothes for their children every day. For example, one of my friend's daughter goes to high

Improving Hospitality Industry Talents in Macau

Improving Hospitality Industry Talents in Macaw Introduction With the development of the Macaw economy, the local market requires more labor to satisfy its demand. However, Macaw's human resource distribution is not balanced especially for local professionals in the hospitality industry. Although the unemployment rate in Macaw has been around 2% during recent years, improving the whole professional level is the most important thing for the long term. (Government of Macaw Special Administrative Region, 2013) According to statistics, here is around 130 thousand non-local people work in Macaw in 2013.Since the booming development of the hospitality industry, there is no doubt that Macaw needs more qualified personnel in the future. Career Times has reports that â€Å"As business booms, the shortage of qualified personnel is becoming more acute and employers are starting to worry. † (2006) Therefore, it is essential that Macaw cultivates more hospitality industry talents in order to have a stable and sustainable development. This project proposal presents 3 recommendations to improve hospitality industry talents in Macaw.Problem Statement In the ideal situation, Macaw would have an effective and efficient educational system, cultivating sufficient professional talents to develop and maintain this city. In recent years, with the flourishing hospitality industry, Macaw needs more and more professional talents to manage the whole market. However, due to the defective educational system, the younger generations are not qualified professional. But in order to increase economic efficiency, the government has to hire more and more non-local people to meet the requirement.It is obvious that this situation threatens coal people's opportunity, livelihood and their developments even it will sharpen contradiction According to Macaw daily news (201 1), hotel and restaurant industries still have 5000 Job vacancies. Imbalance has occurred in the talents structure which als o drags on the development speed of Macaw's economy. Therefore, Macaw government should pay more attention to improve the Educational system, allocate the educational resource reasonably to improve the overall quality of local people especially for improving hospitality industry talents to manage this industry and push it too new high.Literature Review As the saying goes â€Å"Teachers are engineers of human souls†. Therefore, in order to improve educational quality, we need to attach great importance to a highly educated and trained workforce. (Corker, n. D. ) As mayor of Chattanooga in U. S. A, Mr.. Corker tried to hire the best teacher to the low performance school by providing extract bonus. (Improving Education in America, n. D. , Para 3) Finally, he have really great reward through this measure, the low-performance schools have better achievement than other school.In addition, he also supports the scholarship to help over housing Tennessee students afford their universi ty and reduce the loan interest. (Improving Education in America, n. D. , Para 5) Mr.. Corker's movement not only could increase the national talent quality, but also it could help the younger generation reach dreams. The United Kingdom has their own way to cultivate talents. Although their population is only 1 percentage of the world, they have issue 8 percentage of research paper to the world. Besides, Cambridge University cultivated around 60 Nobel Prize winners. Is, 2004) The reason why U. K has a strong educational system to cultivate lots of Allen's is they mainly focus on cultivate understanding in students. Not only are the educator imparts knowledge, but they pay attention on students' capacity for independent thinking and creative intelligence. Furthermore, they have a great educational tradition that Oxford University and Cambridge University have courses cross-training for broadening students' horizon. It is very important that they have those characteristic to face vari ous challenge of future lives.After the Second World War, Japan hospitality industry gradually became one of the most speeding expanding industries. Their service and management become more denaturized and scientific which approved by customers from all over the world. (L', 2010, Para 2) There is no doubt that their achievement and their education are inseparable. According to Lie, whatever Japanese colleges or training school, they all keep closed contact with the hospitality industry to get the newest information about this industry. (Para. 5) It is a wise measure to formulate the education plan to cultivate professional talents.Moreover, not only do they focus on the quality of education, but also emphasize the professional atmosphere, practical training and language skill to enhance the whole quality (Para 8) As is known to all, details determine success or failure, Japan apparently have cultivated lots of hospitality industry talents to strengthen their competitiveness in the w orld. Proposed Solutions It is recommended that the Macaw government pay an attention in hospitality industry training to enhance occupational temperament. As is known to all that Macaw has only two hospitality institutes which are I.F. T and M. IS. S. T. , not only could we focus on the professional knowledge, but also we are supposed to emphasize students' professional behavior. Since employees need to deal with human beings in this industry, so we could provide the etiquette class, social skill class languages class, world culture class as compulsory course to make students become more qualified. In addition, institutes are supposed to keep in touch with the industry in order to update the newest information to formulate the teaching plan.It is both important for students and the industry to improve the whole quality services. It is recommended that the Macaw government attach great importance to educator. It is known to all that educators are very significant to students to impr ove the whole educational quality, the government could measure a plan to reward educator, providing teaching bonus, housing allowance, traffic allowance, traveling allowance and so on to and attract and motivate educators.Paying more attention on education atmosphere, let educator and student get along with harmony to enhance the quality of education and get positive results. It is recommended that the Macaw government could extend the scholarship limitation and lower the loan interest to let student get further education. It is known to all that the higher education is not cheap at all so that some student would drop he class due to the expensive fee, and the limitation of scholarship strict. Therefore, the government could offer more scholarship quota to the student and lower loan interest to reduce their pressure.Government should provide financial support to let those who pursue studies could afford their course.

I Want Into Architecture When I Graduate From High School

I would like to go into architecture when i graduate from high school. It can be a hard and long time to learn to draft it can even be a more and hard time to design a building to what the employers want. Unlike some jobs architecture is a solid job and has a comfortable income. An architect in one year could make anywhere between $30,000 - $500,000 and more depending on what level of architecture they are on. An architect does not have to work for a large or small architectural firm they can also work for private practice, newspapers or magazines, and even college and universities. In order to become an architect one must have there bachelor of architecture degree or master of architecture and a architectural state license. someone does not need work experince in a related occupation to apply for a job in most fields. For those working a internship/residencey there is on-the-job-training. In order for a architect to gain practical knolwedge they need to do a internship. There are t hree steps to becoming a licensed architect one must complete a proffesional degree in architecture, gain relevant experince through a paid internship, and pass the architectect registration exam. Most architects earn their profesional degree through a 5-year bachelor of architecture degree program. many architects earn a master’s degree in architecture which can take 1 to 5 years to complete. A typical program includes courses in architectural history and theory, building design with an emphasisShow MoreRelatedMy Dream For High School788 Words   |  4 PagesIt begins when during your childhood when you see your parents leaving as they leave you at school. As a child that has begun school, you have been expected to put in all effort and the importance of getting extraordinary grades. A few years later you are expected by everyone to have a clear understanding of your future life. There are many fantastic careers around the world, but the qualifications needed to get thouse jobs might not be as easy as imagined. Attending a great high school and collegeRead MoreHigh School And College On The Horizon923 Words   |  4 PagesNearing the end of high school and college on the horizon, one must become aware of his personality, strong suits, and weaknesses to better develop himself into a virtuous man. He must grow in many ways both physically and spiritually before becoming able and ultimately being an independent man. Acknowledging this growth of adolescence, Jesuit High School has developed a profile that a Jesuit graduate should display at the time of graduation. I believe that through my high school years I have best grownRead MoreArt : Art As A Major1692 Words   |  7 Pagesreally are. What do they do? And perhaps, where are they going in life? Truth is you can tell very little about a person from just their appearance, as it is with me. But after time it is hard to not to notice how much art is a part of my life, and what it means to me. Throughout this paper I will focus on why studio art is my major (and why others such as art education are not), then I will address the economic side of becoming an artist/ art instructor, and finally how current trends such as conceptualRead MoreWhy I Should Study Abroad918 Words   |  4 PagesI want to study abroad because I want to learn and explore in a different country. I realized that I wanted to study abroad around the time that I started high school and I thought this might be the only chance I may get to travel outside of the country. I hope to gain more insight from this amazing opportunity and taking classes would help me in my academics and eventually professional goals. Studying abroad would be a stepping stone for me because while I would be taking classes that would helpRead MoreI Am An Architect With The Valley Civilization1451 Words   |  6 PagesI am an Architect with some handsome professional experience in my field. Running as a thread through different things I real ized that â€Å"Architecture† is not just designing healthy buildings; it is a connection between the individual buildings to â€Å"emotional-infrastructure† like our parks, our roads, public buildings, walkways and many more. From the beginning, I was very much interested in understanding the relationship between urban form and trust. As I believe that the way we design our cities hasRead MoreThe High School Graduate Will Be Accepted Into The Program Of Their First Choice1519 Words   |  7 PagesRichelle Yeuk Ying Ng Professor Gary Toop ACS 104 4 November 2014 The Inauthenticity in Credentialing One of the biggest worries in a high school senior’s mind is whether or not they will be accepted into the program of their first choice. It has become hardly a choice in whether a high school graduate will continue in postsecondary studies because just to be considered for a job, the credentials that come after a name is crucial. In Jane Jacobs’ Credentialing Versus Educating, she argues that sinceRead MoreWhy We Choose College?1210 Words   |  5 PagesOctober, 2015 Why we Choose College One of the biggest questions children and teens ask themselves in America is what they want to do with their future. Among the choices they have is the decision whether to attend college. It’s a big decision. For children, it seems like an easy decision. â€Å"Of course! You need a degree to get a job.† As we get closer to graduating high school, we find out that it’s much more complex. There are other options to consider. College can be a risk. It’s expensive, and manyRead MoreYour College Major Doesn’T Guarantee A Job. It’Snoteasybeingacollegestudentthesedays1408 Words   |  6 Pagesfound out that while the overall economy maybe is in a decent shape, college graduates are still facing an uphill battle in the job market. Some 8.5 percent of young college graduates, ages 21 and 24 are unemployed and 16.5 percent are underemployed , according to the Economic Policy Institute. A student deciding on a major may or may not even graduate on time (4 years). So students ages 17 or 18 are basically making a long-termRead MoreWorking For A Retail Company1592 Words   |  7 Pagessince I was a senior in high school. I wanted to move up further in the company because I enjoy working there and I love what I do which is providing excellent customer service, meeting and working with new people and helping the company I work for (old navy) achieve their financial and philanthropic goals. After about three years of working there I got promoted to assistant manager and that’s when I realized that this is what I want to do for a living. A year or so after I got promoted I want to moveRead MoreAndres Duany : Summary Of His Life1270 Words   |  6 Pagesthe revolution. After leaving Cuba he went on to receive his bachelor degree in Architecture from Princeton University. Additionally received his Master of Architecture from Ecole des Beaux in Paris and Yale Universities school of Architecture. In 1977 he and his wife along with a few other people founded the architecture firm by the name of Arquitectonica in Miami, Florida. The firm would eventually become famous for high tech modernism. Duany and his wife would go on in 1980 to form the firm of Duany